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Total Plants: 589
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Plant Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
Annona cherimola Seed 10000.0 14000.0 4.7 *
Piper methysticum Root -- 166000.0 3.7 *
Tamarindus indica Fruit -- 3350.0 3.6 Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Origanum vulgare Plant -- 1770.0 2.5 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Syzygium aromaticum Fruit -- 2420.0 2.4 *
Crataegus laevigata Leaf 5100.0 6200.0 2.3 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Crataegus rhipidophylla Leaf 5100.0 6200.0 2.3 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
Lycium chinense Flower -- 10200.0 1.5 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Phyllanthus emblica Tissue Culture -- 5500.0 1.4 *
Nepeta cataria Shoot -- 900.0 1.4 *
Hordeum vulgare Sprout Seedling -- 980.0 1.3 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Terminalia arjuna Bark -- 300.0 1.3 *
Vicia faba Seed 950.0 4500.0 1.1 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Salvia officinalis Stem -- 1214.0 1.1 *
Sesamum indicum Seed 4000.0 4430.0 1.1 *
Allium sativum var. sativum Bulb 13.0 555.0 1.0 *
Centella asiatica Essential Oil -- 2000.0 1.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
Astrocaryum vulgare Seed Oil -- 783100.0 1.0 Szpiz, R. R., Pereira, D. A., Lago, R. C. A. 1980. Comparison Between Oils From Three Brazilian Palms. Bol. Rec. Cent. Tecnol. Agric. Aliment (Rio de Janeiro) 14: 33-46. Cent Technol Agric Aliment Empresa Brasil Pesqui Aropecu Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Ficus carica Fruit 270.0 1350.0 1.0 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
Crataegus laevigata Flower 6500.0 7800.0 0.9 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.