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Total Plants: 339
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Plant Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
Bidens pilosa Leaf Essent. Oil -- 730000.0 3.9 Jim Duke's personal files.
Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil -- 495000.0 2.8 *
Piper nigrum Fruit Essent. Oil 160000.0 352000.0 2.2 *
Perilla frutescens Shoot Essent. Oil -- 167000.0 1.2 Nguyen, X. D., La, D. M., Lu'u, D. C., Leclercq, P. A. 1995. Essential Oil Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. J. Essent. Oil Res., 7(4): 429-432.
Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil 145000.0 153000.0 0.4 *
Lindera benzoin Shoot Essent. Oil -- 150000.0 1.0 Tucker, A. O. and Debaggio, T. 2000. The Big Book of Herbs. Interweave Press, Inc. Loveland, CO. 688 pp.
Centella asiatica Essential Oil -- 125000.0 0.2 Jim Duke's personal files.
Angelica archangelica Root Essent. Oil -- 110000.0 1.0 *
Coleus barbatus Leaf Essent. Oil -- 107100.0 0.2 Jim Duke's personal files.
Coleus barbatus Stem Essent. Oil -- 107100.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
Origanum vulgare Shoot Essent. Oil 15000.0 90600.0 0.1 *
Ptychopetalum olacoides Root Essent. Oil -- 77000.0 0.3 Uber Bucek, E., Fournier, G., Dadoun, H. 1987. Volatile Constituents of Ptychopetalum olacoides Root Oil. Planta Med. 53, 2: 231.
Origanum vulgare Essential Oil -- 74500.0 -0.2 *
Ocimum basilicum Leaf Essent. Oil -- 70000.0 0.0 *
Syzygium aromaticum Fruit 2230.0 69365.0 2.0 *
Salvia officinalis Essential Oil 18900.0 66000.0 -0.2 *
Vitex agnus-castus Leaf Essent. Oil -- 63800.0 -0.0 Jim Duke's personal files.
Petroselinum crispum Fruit Essent. Oil 11000.0 62100.0 -0.2 *
Coriandrum sativum Seed Essent. Oil 1600.0 55470.0 1.0 *
Boswellia sacra Resin, Exudate, Sap -- 49100.0 Chiavari, G., Gtalletti, G. C., Piccaglia, R., Mohamud, M. A. 1991. Differentiation Between Resins Boswellia carterii and Boswellia frereana (Frankincense) of Somali Origin. J. Essent. Oil Res. 3 (3):185-186.
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.