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Total Plants: 394
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Plant Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
Zingiber officinale Rhizome Essent. Oil -- 10000.0 *
Zingiber officinale Rhizome 8.0 500.0 -0.3 *
Zea mays Silk Stigma Style -- -- *
Vitis vinifera Leaf Essent. Oil -- 108000.0 1.3 *
Vitex agnus-castus Flower -- -- Jim Duke's personal files.
Vitex agnus-castus Leaf -- 5.0 -0.6 Ekundayo, O., Laakso, I., Holopainen, M., Hiltunen, R., Oguntimein, B., and Kauppinen, V. 1990. The Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Oil of Vitex agnus-castus L. J. Essential Oil Research, 2: 115-119.
Vitex agnus-castus Fruit -- -- Jim Duke's personal files.
Vetiveria zizanioides Root -- 165.0 -0.4 *
Valeriana officinalis Root 95.0 2365.0 2.0 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
Valeriana officinalis Leaf Essent. Oil 9500.0 75400.0 0.7 *
Valeriana officinalis Leaf 22.0 1925.0 2.8 Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
Valeriana officinalis Root Essent. Oil -- -- *
Vaccinium corymbosum Fruit 0.01 0.03 -0.4 *
Vaccinium macrocarpon Fruit -- -- Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
Vaccinium myrtillus Fruit Juice -- 0.015 -0.8 *
Umbellularia californica Plant 240.0 960.0 0.3 *
Thymus broussonettii Shoot -- 70.0 -0.2 Tantaoui-Elaraki, A., Lattaoui, N., Errifi, A. and Benjilali, B. 1993. Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Thymus broussonettii, T. zygis and T. saturejoides. J. Ess. Oil Res. 5: 45-53.
Thymus funkii Shoot -- 175.0 -0.1 Vila, R., et al. 1995. Composition and study of the variability of the essential oil of Thymus funkii Cousson. Flav. & Fragr. J. 10(6): 379-383.
Thymus zygis Shoot -- 22.0 -0.3 Jimenez, J., Navarro, M.C., Montilla, M.P., Martin, A. and Martinez, A. 1993. Thymus zygis Oil: Its Effects on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenger Activity. JEO5: 153-8.
Thymus mastichina Plant 210.0 800.0 0.1 Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.