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Total Plants: 39
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Plant Low PPM High PPM StdDev *Reference
Sassafras albidum Root 8000.0 81000.0 *
Cinnamomum verum Leaf Essent. Oil 6500.0 23000.0 *
Piper auritum Leaf 3290.0 4930.0 1.4 *
Myristica fragrans Seed Essent. Oil 1000.0 60000.0 *
Myristica fragrans Essential Oil 1000.0 33000.0 *
Anethum graveolens Plant 125.0 360.0 0.6 *
Myristica fragrans Seed 120.0 2720.0 *
Ocimum basilicum Plant 60.0 400.0 0.8 *
Rosmarinus officinalis Plant 32.0 95.0 -1.4 *
Umbellularia californica Plant -- -- *
Juniperus virginiana Leaf -- -- *
Camellia sinensis Leaf -- -- *
Piper nigrum Fruit Essent. Oil -- -- *
Piper cubeba Fruit -- -- Lawrence, B.M., Essential Oils 1976-1977, Essential Oils 1978, Essential Oils 1979-1980.
Cinnamomum aromaticum Plant -- -- *
Cinnamomum verum Leaf -- -- Wealth of India.
Angelica sinensis Root Essent. Oil -- -- Jim Duke's personal files.
Illicium verum Fruit -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
Anethum graveolens Seed Essent. Oil -- -- *
Rheum palmatum Rhizome -- 2.0 *
Pimpinella anisum Essential Oil -- -- *
Cinnamomum verum Plant -- -- *
Angelica sinensis Root -- -- Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
Cananga odorata Flower -- -- *
Cinnamomum verum Bark Essent. Oil -- -- *
Cinnamomum verum Stem Bark -- -- *
Cinnamomum verum Root Bark -- -- *
Agastache rugosa Essential Oil -- -- Jim Duke's personal files.
Chenopodium ambrosioides Plant -- -- *
Tamarindus indica Fruit -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
Hamamelis virginiana Leaf -- 10.0 -0.7 *
Asiasarum heterotropoides Root -- -- *
Cinnamomum camphora Leaf -- -- *
Asiasarum sieboldii Root -- -- *
Piper nigrum Fruit -- -- *
Illicium verum Plant -- -- *
Sassafras albidum Leaf -- -- -0.7 *
Ephedra sinica Shoot -- 2.0 *
Cinnamomum verum Bark -- -- Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
*Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.