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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
U.S. Department of Agriculture
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Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

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List of activity chemicals.
Click on column headings to sort table by that column. *Unless otherwise noted all references are to (Duke, 1992)
Chemical Name Dosage Reference
CARYOLANE-1,9-BETA-DIOL IC50=45 uM rat (weak activity) Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
CARYOPHYLLENE *
CHLOROGENIC-ACID IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity) Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, Kikkanols A, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.
CHRYSIN-5,7-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
CHRYSOERIOL IC31=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
CHRYSOSPLENOL IC28=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
CHRYSOSPLENOSIDE-A IC15=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
CHRYSOSPLENOSIDE-D IC27=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
CINNAMIC-ACID 4 ug/ml (weak activity) Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
CIRSILINEOL 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CIRSILINEOL-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CIRSILIOL 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CIRSILIOL-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CIRSIMARITIN 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CIRSIMARITIN IC50=1.6 ug/ml cow Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin and Flavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387
CIRSIMARITIN-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 10 uM Okuda, I., Muwa, B., Inagakat, K., Horie, T., Nakayama, M. 1982. Inhibition of Aldose Reductases from Rat and Bovine Lenses by Flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol, 31(23): 3807-3822.
CITRININ IC50=10 uM Deruiter, J., Jacyno, J. M., Davis, R. A., Cutler, H. G. 1992. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Fungi. I. Citrinin and Related Benzopyran Derivatives. J Enzyme Inhibit, 6(3): 201-210.
CONDURITOL-A 10 mM Miyatake, K., et al. 1994. Effect of Conduritol A, a Polyol from Gymnema sylvestre, on the Development of Diabetic Cataracts in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats and on Aldose Reductase. Biosci Biotech Biochem, 58(4): 756-757.
COSMOSIIN IC40=1 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
COSMOSIIN IC99=10 uM Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
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List of Activity Plants.
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Plant Name Common Name Chemical Count Total Parts Per Million
Scutellaria baicalensis Chinese Skullcap; Huang Qin; Baikal Skullcap 11 2, 306, 076
Scutellaria churchilliana Hybrid Skullcap 3 77
Scutellaria discolor Discolor Skullcap 1 0
Scutellaria galericulata Marsh Skullcap 7 20, 176
Scutellaria lateriflora Mad-Dog Skullcap; Scullcap 5 542, 050
Scutellaria parvula Small Skullcap 3 119
Scutellaria polydon Skullcap 1 0
Scutellaria sp 2 0
Sechium edule Chayote 1 6, 030
Selaginella delicatula 1 0
Selenicereus grandiflorus Night-Blooming Cereus; Queen-of-the-Night 2 0
Senna alata Ringworm Bush 1 0
Senna alexandrina Alexandran senna; True Senna; Indian Senna 1 16, 698
Senna obtusifolia Sicklepod 3 1, 800
Senna occidentalis Coffee Senna 3 0
Serenoa repens Saw Palmetto; Scrub-Palmetto 8 1, 008
Sesamum indicum Sesame; Benneseed; Beni; Ajonjoli (Sp.); Sesamo (Sp.) 7 1, 940
Sicana odorifera Cassabanana 1 1, 270
Sida rhombifolia Broomweed; Teaplant 1 9, 090
Sideritis athoa Kedi Kuyrugu Cayi 3 1, 076